whereby是什么意思？

This is part of the process of self-validation whereby we employ self-disclosures to seek support for our self-concept.

This is the process whereby helpers provide reassurance to clients that what they are experiencing is not abnormal or atypical（非典型的）, but is a normal reaction shared by others when facing such circumstances

A spirit of openness is gaining acceptance in the science community, and is the only way,say advocates,to address a ‘crisis' in science whereby too few findings are successfully reproduced.