被动语态的学习

英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。

一、被动语态的时态及结构(以动词do为例)

结构：主语 + be + 过去分词

时态： 1. 一般现在时： am (is, are) done.

2. 一般现在时带情态动词的被动语态：must (can, may) be done

3. 一般过去时： was (were) done

4. 一般将来时： will (shall) be done

5. 现在进行时： am (is, are) being done

6. 现在完成时： have (has) been done

二、从初中阶段所学五种基本句型谈变被动语态时应注意的问题。

1.主语 + 连系动词 + 表语 (S+V+P)

此结构不可用被动语态。

(正) The flowers smell sweet.

(误) The flowers are smelt sweet.

2.主语 + 不及物动词 (S+V)

此结构不可变被动语态。

(正) An accident happened last night.

(误) An accident was happened last night.

3.主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 (S + V+ O)

(1)将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语

Children often sing this song

This song is often sung by children.

(2)将含有介词或副词的动词短语变为被动结构时，不可将介词或副词去掉。

We should listen to the teachers carefully.

The teachers should be listened to carefully.

4.主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 (S + V+ IO+ DO)

(1).将表人的间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语不变。

He showed us a picture .

We were shown a picture.

(2).将指物的直接宾语变为主语，要在间接宾语前加介词to或for.

A picture was shown to us.

A dictionary was bought for me by my parents.

5. 主语+及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 (S+ V+ O + C)

如动词为 make, see, hear, watch 等，后接宾语补足语为不带“to”不定式时，变被动语态时要加上“to”。

I saw him fall off the tree.

He was seen to fall off the tree.