by是什么意思？

When we acquire new information, the brain automatically tries to incorporate ( ' , 合并) it within existing information by forming associations.

Top of Britons' toilet paper wish list is softness ( ' , 57%) followed by strength ( ' , 45%) and thickness ( ' , 36%).

They were looked after by physicians.

They were encouraged by psychologists.

They are cherished by the rich.

These extra features are deemed unnecessary by the majority of shoppers, which probably reflects how these types of products are typically more expensive than regular toilet paper, even when on special offer.

The fashion for teams is driven by a sense that the old way of organising people is too rigid for both the modern marketplace and the expectations of employees.

The Cleveland Clinic, a hospital operator, has reorganised its medical staff into teams to focus on particular treatment areas; consultants, nurses and others collaborate closely instead of being separated by speciality ( ' , 专业) and rank.

That's a big education in art by itself.

So it's no surprise that cultures around the world celebrate spring by honoring the egg.

Others elevate the egg into a fancy art, like the heavily jewel-covered eggs that were favored by the Russians starting in the 19th century.

Leah's first yoga studio was by no means an immediate success.

Leah gained confidence by laying out her fears and confronting them directly.

In the last year alone, despite an increase in the UK population and a subsequent rise in the number of households, sales of toilet paper fell by 2%, with the average household reducing their toilet roll spending from £43 in 2014 to £41 in 2015.

Hackman ( ' , who died in 2013) noted that teams are hindered by problems of co-ordination and motivation that chip away at the benefits of collaboration.

Feeling the need to change, Leah started playing with future possibilities by exploring her interests and developing new capabilities.

By studying about 700 adult smokers, she found out that her mom quit the right way—by stopping abruptly and completely.

By naming her fears and facing them head-on, Leah gained confidence.

By conventional standards, Leah was a typical successful woman before she changed her career.

But a new report by Deloitte, Global Human Capital Trends, based on a survey of more than 7,000 executives in over 130 countries, suggests that the fashion for teamwork has reached a new high.

Apartments will retain their appeal for a while for Millennials, haunted by what happened to home-owning parents.

Apart from the specific trends highlighted above, which cause some investors to worry, the report portrays an overall optimism borne by the recent healthy real-estate upcycle and improving economy.

According to a report by Deloitte, teamwork is becoming increasingly popular among companies.

A new study of 12,000 workers in 17 countries by Steelcase, a furniture-maker which also does consulting, finds that the best way to ensure employees are engaged is to give them more control over where and how they do their work—which may mean liberating them from having to do everything in collaboration with others.

The team was led by Dr.

One of the creatures made a dramatic appearance by moving on to the head of the team leader as he slept.

His team was hit by a snowmobile driver, injuring several dogs and killing a three-year-old male dog.

He estimated that the comfort level will increase considerably in five to ten years3) One dog has been killed and multiple dogs have been injured by a snowmobile driver in what appears to be an intentional attack on competitors in the Iditarod Race in Alaska.

Dogs may have learned to detect threat signs from humans and respond by trying to make peace, according to researcher Sanni Somppi.

But those surveyed by AAA say they trust their own driving skills.

Blandon, the boat’s owner, has been arrested by Nicaraguan authorities, the state-run news agency said.

Advocates of selfdriving cars argue they will be safer than in cars driven by humans because they wouldn’t get distracted or drive when tired.

We must cut carbon emissions by 80% from their 2006 levels by 2020, stabilize the world's population at eight billion by 2040, completely remove poverty, and restore forests and soils.

The nice thing about ancient philosophy as offered by the Greeks is that they tended to see life clear and whole, in a way that we tend not to see life today.

The book is co-authored by Long Island University's philosophy professor Michael Soupios and economics professor Panos Mourdoukoutas.

It was based on concepts developed at Vanderbilt University's Peabody College by Susan Gray, the legendary pioneer in early childhood education research.

Is it possible to enjoy a peaceful life in a world that is increasingly challenged by threats and uncertainties from wars, terrorism, economic crises and a widespread outbreak of infectious diseases? The answer is yes, according to a new book The 10 Golden Rules: Ancient Wisdom from the Greek Philosophers on Living a Good Life.

In our pursuit of the good life, he says, it is important to seek out true pleasures—advice which was originally offered by Epicurus.

I do not think that we spend nearly enough time trying to concentrate on achieving a sort of calmness, a sort of contentment in a mental and spiritual way, which was identified by these people as the highest form of happiness and pleasure.

I am about to make things more complicated by suggesting that what kind of facility an older person lives in may matter less than we have assumed.

Food-import anxiety is even leading to new efforts by food-importing countries to buy or lease farmland in other countries.

Examine your lifeSoupios, along with his co-author Panos Mourdoukoutas, developed their 10 golden rules by turning to the men behind that philosophy—Aristotle, Socrates, Epictetus and Pythagoras, among others.

Children's personality characteristics are invariably determined by their mothers.

By picking up patterns from massive data on human behavior.

By interacting with humans in everyday life situations.

By imitating the behavior of properly brought-up human beings.

By following the daily routines of civilized human beings.

By following individuals over time, Salthouse said, we gain insight in cognition changes, and may possibly discover ways to slow the rate of decline.

But what effect does your personality have on your longevity ( ' , 长寿)? Do some kinds of personalities lead to longer lives? A new study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society looked at this question by examining the personality characteristics of 246 children of people who had lived to be at least 100.

As water tables have fallen and irrigation wells have gone dry, China's wheat crop, the world's largest, has declined by 8% since it peaked at 123 million tons in 1997.

In any case, new graduate students can learn who their advisers or temporary advisers are by visiting or emailing the departmental office and asking for the information.

But many tech home   remedies can be explained by a little science.

With wired setups, the fear is that a burglar ( ' , 入室盗贼) might be able to shut your system down simply by cutting the right cable.

We can cultivate a growth mind-set in children by telling success stories that emphasize hard work and love of learning.

Waiters should be paid by employers instead of customers.

The researchers, led by Martin Reimann, carried out a series of experiments to see if people would choose a smaller meal if it was paired with a non-food item.

The most likely type of burglary ( ' , 入室盗窃) by far is the unsophisticated crime of opportunity, usually involving a broken window or some forced entry.

The idea of gamification was practiced by some businesses more than a century ago.

The average international runway model has a body mass index ( ' , BMI) under 16—low enough to indicate starvation by the World Health Organization's standard.

Teachers are not people who are great at and consumed by research and happen to appear in a classroom.

Some people, Werbach says, are motivated by competition.

Others are more motivated by collaboration and social experiences.

Only a very small proportion of burglaries are committed by technical means.

Many of the reductions over the past 30 years have been achieved either by reducing the amount of sugar, salt or fat in a product, or by finding an alternative ingredient.

In addition, parents and teachers can help children by providing explicit instruction regarding the mind as a learning machine.

I offer a simple proposition in response: Many of our problems—class attendance, educational success, student happiness and well-being—might be improved by cutting down the bureaucratic ( ' , 官僚的) mechanisms and meetings and instead hiring an army of good teachers.

How do we transmit a growth mind-set to our children? One way is by telling stories about achievements that result from hard work.

Elimination of forced weight loss by models.

Cracker Jacks has been gamifying its snack food by putting a small prize inside for more than 100 years, he adds, and the turn-ofthe- century steel magnate ( ' , 巨头) Charles Schwab is said to have often come into his factory and written the number of tons of steel produced on the past shift on the factory floor, thus motivating the next shift of workers to beat the previous one.

Confronted by a setback such as a disappointing test grade, students with a growth mind-set said they would study harder or try a different strategy.

By contrast, a Danish tax on foods high in fats was abandoned a year after its introduction, amid claims that consumers were avoiding it by crossing the border to Germany to satisfy their desire for cheaper, fattier fare.

Burglars can easily get a security device's frequency by Internet search.

At the beginning of seventh grade, we assessed the students' mind-sets by asking them to agree or disagree with statements such as Your intelligence is something very basic about you that you can't really change.

As a result, their math grades overtook those of the other students by the end of the first semester—and the gap between the two groups continued to widen during the two years we followed them.

Any device that's built to receive a wireless signal at a specific frequency can be overwhelmed by a stronger signal coming in on the same frequency.

Animal experiments by psychologists at the University of Pennsylvania had shown that after repeated failures, most animals conclude that a situation is hopeless and beyond their control.

A recent report suggests that the global gamification market will grow from $1.65 billion in 2015 to $11.1 billion by 2020.

They are paid by the government.

The rock salt mine is one of three operated by Cargill with the other two in Louisiana and Ohio.

Mr.Kibara and hundreds of other farmers have been removing some of their tea bushes and planting a new kind of tea developed by the Tea Research Foundation of Kenya.

He was  saving the life of a 9-month-old  boy who was blown into the path  of an oncoming subway train by  a high wind.

Another is surrounded on all sides by Italy.

Abergeldie Castle located in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, was built by Sir Alexander Gordon of Midmar who later became the Earl of Huntly.

A 16th century castle in Scotland is close to collapsing after lumps of soil were washed away by floods, threatening its foundations.

You may need to start by encouraging your current network to help you identify your blind spots.

Why do so many Americans eat tons of processed food, the stuff that is correctly called junk ( ' , 垃圾 ) and should really carry warning labels? It's not because fresh ingredients are hard to come by.

What, then, are the effects of thinking about time in these different ways? Does one make us more productive? Better at the tasks at hand? Happier? In experiments conducted by Tamar Avnet and Anne-Laure Sellier, they had participants organize different activities—from project planning, holiday shopping, to yoga—by time or to-do list to measure how they performed under clock time vs task time.

This might be a small change to the way we view work and the office, but the researchers argue that it challenges a widespread characteristic of the economy: work organized by clock time.

They are hardly understood by the public.

They are deserted by their family.

They accomplish their tasks one by one.

There have been half-hearted but well-publicized efforts by some food companies to reduce calories in their processed foods, but the Standard American Diet is still the polar opposite of the healthy, mostly plant-based diet that just about every expert says we should be eating.

The length of the workday, for many workers, is defined by time.

The author's mother taught him a valuable lesson by pointing out lots of flaws in his seemingly perfect essay.

The author gradually improved his writing by avoiding fancy language.

Many of the assignments and rules teachers come up with, often because they are pressured by their administrators, treat pleasure and joy as the enemies of competence and responsibility.

It does not support the strategies adopted by smart companies.

I concluded that the profit from burgers is more than offset ( ' , 抵消 ) by the damage they cause in health problems and environmental harm.

I am not sure if she was more upset by my hubris ( ' , 得意忘形 ) or by the fact that my English teacher had let my ego get so out of hand.

Human lives are governed by the desire to experience joy.

Writing in the journal, the scientists describe how the storks from Germany were clearly affected by the presence of waste sites, with four out of six birds that survived for at least five months overwintering on rubbish dumps in northern Morocco, instead of migrating to the Sahel.

While these numbers are still being validated by the state, we feel any adjustments they might suggest will be immaterial, Morgan wrote to the presidents.

Well-off families are ruled by calendars, with children enrolled in ballet, soccer and after-school programs, according to a new Pew Research Center survey.

To promote sales of its products by lowering prices.

There is strong evidence that both innovation and adoption of cleaner technology are strongly encouraged by higher fossil fuel prices.

The video challenge does not put individual students on the hot seat—so it's less intimidating by design.

The summer program run by a nonprofit organization has helped many underserved students learn advanced math.

The consumer was ultimately to be mentioned as well, especially by the likes of Dorothy Shaver, who could point to the sales figures at Lord & Taylor.

The Math Olympiad Summer Training Program is a three-week math camp held by the Mathematical Association of America that leads straight to the international championship and is free for those who make it.

The International Monetary Fund calculates that countries can generate substantial fiscal revenues by eliminating fossil fuel subsidies and levying carbon charges that capture the domestic damage caused by emissions.

The German traveler Johann Winckelmann pioneered the field of art history with his comprehensive study of Greek and Roman sculpture; he was portrayed by his friend Anton Raphael Mengs at the beginning of his long residence in Rome.

That letter, which includes several concerns Morgan has with the plan, was originally obtained by The Commercial Appeal in Memphis.

Tennessee's technical and community colleges will not outsource ( ' , 外包) management of their facilities to a private company, a decision one leader said was bolstered by an analysis of spending at each campus.

Since there were few museums anywhere in Europe before the close of the eighteenth century, Grand Tourists often saw paintings and sculptures by gaining admission to private collections, and many were eager to acquire examples of Greco-Roman and Italian art for their own collections.

Setting the right carbon price will therefore efficiently align the costs paid by carbon users with the true social opportunity cost of using carbon.

Renewables account for only a small share of global primary energy consumption, which is still dominated by fossil fuels—30% each for coal and oil, 25% for natural gas.

Physical punishment is used much less by well-educated parents.

People used to live near people of different income levels; neighborhoods are now more segregated by income.

Oil prices have dropped by over 60% since June 2014.

Most Grand Tourists, however, stayed for briefer periods and set out with less scholarly intentions, accompanied by a teacher or guardian, and expected to return home with souvenirs of their travels as well as an understanding of art and architecture formed by exposure to great masterpieces.

Moreover, nonparticipation by nations, if sufficiently widespread, can undermine the political will of participating countries to act.

Math circles provide students with access to advanced-math training by university professors.

Many scientists believe that El Ni o events, caused by warming in the Pacific, are becoming more intense as a result of climate change.

It is backed by a campus spending analysis.

It has been flatly rejected by the governor.

In an email sent Monday to college presidents in the Tennessee Board of Regents system, outgoing Chancellor John Morgan said an internal analysis showed that each campus' spending on facilities management fell well below the industry standards identified by the state.

In addition, other factors are putting downward pressure on oil prices: change in the strategic behavior of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, the projected increase in Iranian exports, the scaling-down of global demand ( ' , especially from emerging markets), the long-term drop in petroleum consumption in the United States, and some displacement of oil by substitutes.

If not corrected by the appropriate carbon price, low fossil fuel prices are not accurately signaling to markets the true social profitability of clean energy.

I'd much prefer to have my data used by the maximum number of people to ask their own questions, she says.

Futures markets, which show only a modest recovery of prices to around $60 a barrel by 2019, support this view.

For example, the United Arab Emirates has endorsed an ambitious target to draw 24% of its primary energy consumption from renewable sources by 2021.

Facilities management by colleges is more cost-effective.

Discipline techniques vary by education level: 8% of those with a postgraduate degree say they often beat their children, compared with 22% of those with a high school degree or less.

Direct subsidies to research and development have been adopted by some governments but are a poor substitute for a carbon price: they do only part of the job, leaving in place market incentives to over-use fossil fuels and thereby add to the stock of atmospheric greenhouse gases without regard to the collateral ( ' , 附带的) costs.

Designer sportswear would have to be verified by a standard other than that of pure beauty; the emulation of a designer's life in designer sportswear was a crude version of this relationship.

By raising relative demand for clean energy sources, a carbon price would also help align the market return to clean-energy innovation with its social return, spurring the refinement of existing technologies and the development of new ones.

By making the effort to organize and label files so others can understand them, scientists become more organized and better disciplined themselves, thus avoiding confusion later on.

But will such contests, which are overwhelmingly dominated by Asian and white students from middle-class and affluent families become any more diverse? Many social and cultural factors play roles in determining which promising students get on the path toward international math recognition.

Can you tell us how you first became interested in this subject matter?( ' , 9 ) Wh e n f a c i n g a n e w situation, some people tend to rehearse their defeat by spending too much time anticipating the worst.

While the practice carries serious health risks for many, those dangers are outweighed by the social and economic gains for poor urban farmers and consumers who need affordable food.

We have everything to gain by encouraging them to explore the world beyond their immediate experience and to prepare themselves for their turn at shaping that world.

They can be addressed by improved sanitation.

The survey shows us that today's teens are affectionate, sensible and far happier than the angry and tortured souls that have been painted for us by stereotypes.

The lawsuits said that the label was misleading because it gave the impression that the products had been certified by a third party when the certification was the company's own.

The good news is that a bill just approved by the House and a bill approved by the Senate Finance Committee would implement or test many reforms that should help slow the rise in medical costs over the long term.

The gold standard study by Harvard and Columbia University scholars found that even in high-poverty schools, teachers consistently had a huge positive or negative impact.

The changes would have to be approved or rejected as a whole by Congress, making it hard for narrow-interest lobbies to bend lawmakers to their will.

That is far less likely to happen if Congress also adopts strong pay-go rules requiring that any increase in payments to providers be offset by new taxes or budget cuts.

Spending fell by 10% in the first half of the year.

Recently, we examined more than 400 essays on the laws of life that teens from two communities had written as part of an educational program initiated by the John Templeton Foundation in Radnor, Pa.

Medical spending, which typically rises faster than wages and the overall economy, is propelled by two things: the high prices charged for medical services in this country and the volume of unnecessary care delivered by doctors and hospitals, which often perform a lot more tests and treatments than a patient really needs.

Manufacturers of products that claim to be environmentally friendly will face tighter rules on how they are advertised to consumers under changes proposed by the Federal Trade Commission.

Malpractice awards do drive up insurance premiums for doctors in high-risk specialties, and there is some evidence that doctors engage in defensive medicine by performing tests and treatments primarily to prove they are not negligent should they get sued.

It misled consumers to believe that its products had been certified by a third party.

It is manufactured by a famous British company.

In time it should help restrain costs by eliminating redundant tests, preventing drug interactions, and helping doctors find the best treatments.

In the developing countries, it says, most of the environmental problems are caused by underdevelopment.

Hunt through the reports prepared by UN agencies and development groups—many for conferences such as this year's Millennium Goals review—and you will find that the linkage between environmental protection and economic progress is a common thread.

His company's products had been well received by the public.

Frederick's central idea, that stove, sink and kitchen table must be placed in such a relation that useless steps are avoided entirely, inspired the first fully fitted kitchen, designed in the 1920s by Margarete Schütter-Libotsky.

Farmers and consumers may be affected by harmful bacteria.

By and large, these are very nice kids, and as the band The Who used to sing, The kids are alright.

But there are also many examples of growing wealth by trashing the environment, in rich and poor parts of the world alike, whether through unregulated mineral extraction, drastic water use for agriculture, slash-and-burn farming, or fossil-fuel-guzzling ( ' , 大量消耗) transport.

Both bills would reduce the rate of growth in annual Medicare payments to hospitals, nursing homes and other providers by amounts comparable to the productivity savings routinely made in other industries with the help of new technologies and new ways to organize work.

And the head-to-head competition might give them a strong incentive to lower their prices, perhaps by accepting slimmer profit margins or demanding better deals from providers.

A new effort led by Canoe Ventures, a coalition of leading cable providers, aims to make interactive advertising available across America later this year.

The US has already lost more than a third of the native languages that existed before European colonisation, and the remaining 192 are classed by UNESCO as ranging between unsafe and extinct.

In fact, they are prescribed and they’regiven at a certain level, a dosage that is understood by a practitioner who’s been trained.

A study by the Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters finds that, between 1980 and 2007, nearly 8,400 natural disasters killed more than twomillion people.

find digital devices simply indispensablecommunicate primarily by mobile phonelight their homes with stored solar energydistribute power with wires and wooden polesbenefit their business transmit power faster promote innovationencourage competitionIt might become a thing of the past.

With competition from many countries, Antarctica is no longer dominated by the traditional white nations.

Too many workplace policies effectively prohibit employees from developing a healthy work-life balance by barring them from taking time off, even when they need it most.

There's a lot for students to complain about: the repayment threshold for paying back loans will be frozen for five years, meaning that lower-paid graduates have to start repaying their loans; and maintenance grants have been replaced by loans, meaning that students from poorer backgrounds face higher debt than those with wealthier parents.

The research stations on King George lsland offer a glimpse into the long game on this ice-blanketed continent as nations assert themselves, eroding the sway long held by countries like the United States, Britain, Australia and New Zealand.

The old days of the Antarctic being dominated by the interests and wishes of white men from European, Australasian and North American states are over, said Klaus Dodds, a politics scholar at the University of London who specialises in Antarctica.

The goal of keeping global temperature rise well below 2 ℃ is commendable but the emissions-reduction pledges submitted by countries leading up to the Paris talks are very unlikely to deliver on this.

South Korea opened its second Antarctic research base in 2014, describing it as a way to test robots developed by Korean researchers for use in extreme conditions.

Since tobacco is one of the biggest causes of premature death in the UK, a measure that tames the habit even by a fraction is worth trying.

Less than an hour away by snowmobile, Chinese labourers have updated the Great Wall Station, a vital part of China's plan to operate five bases on Antarctica, complete with an indoor badminton court and sleeping quarters for 150 people.

It is still easy to be dazzled by the display of drones ( ' , 无人机 ), 3D printers, virtual reality goggles ( ' , 眼镜 ) and more smart devices than you could ever hope to catalog.

It did not escape notice that a lobbying firm set up by Lynton Crosby, David Cameron's election campaign director, had previously acted for Philip Morris International.

Instead, some in Africa and Asia are seeing their first lightbulbs illuminated by the power of sunlight stored in batteries.

Health problems caused by stress in the workplace result in huge public health expenses.

Consumers are becoming increasingly bored with what companies have to offer: A survey of 28,000 consumers in 28 countries released by Accenture found consumers are not as excited about technology as they once were.

By the end of the decade, it's expected to be worth over $50 billion and generate 160 gigawatt-hours, enough to attract the attention of major companies that might not otherwise be interested in a decidedly pedestrian technology.

Brazil opened a research station in 1984, but it was largely destroyed by a fire that killed two members of the navy in 2012, the same year that a diesel-laden Brazilian barge sank near the base.

Because their behaviors are not usually seen as a red flag, these young people have been dubbed the invisible risk group by the study's authors.

We hope you enjoy the series about how you can make a difference by becoming a social worker.

The legend says that when seven girls were attacked by bears, they took refuge on top of a small rock, and they appealed to the Rock God for help.

The God caused the rock to grow and to lift the girls far above the ground, while its sides were scored by the claws of the angry bears.

Small wonder that an Indian legend described Devils Tower as being formed by supernatural powers.

Of the 46 beverages endorsed by professional athletes, 93 percent relied exclusively on sugar for all of their calories.

In ponds closest to the colony, the result showed there were far more pollutants than the ponds less affected by the birds.

In a report published by the Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity at Yale university, researchers studied 100 professional athletes and their endorsement contracts.

Currently, there’s mounting criticism of Michelle Obama’s Let’s Move campaign, which fights childhood obesity by encouraging youngsters to become more physically active, and it signed on singer Beyonce and basketball player Shaquille O’Neal, both of whom also endorse sodas which are a major contributor to the obesity epidemic.

But by 2014, the death rate from Alzheimer’s Disease for this age group have more than doubled, increasing from 3.8% to 8.5%, making the progressive brain disease the second leading cause of death for centenarians.

Born in fire and fury, Devils Tower was then shaped by the slow, gentle work of wind and water.

After sorting the deals by category, they determined that among the 512 brands associated with the athletes, most involve sporting goods, followed closely by food and beverage brands.

When we can't actually remove the source of our fear, we tend to adapt psychologically by adopting a range of defence mechanisms, says Tom Crompton, change strategist for the environmental organisation World Wide Fund for Nature.

This was made clear by the work of two sociologists, Richard Arum and Josipa Roksa.