“It”的用法

出自:英语语法  发布于:2020年02月03日

1)指事物,人(不明性别或何人时),婴孩、动物(不提性别)或昆虫等。

例:"Where is my watch, dear?"

(我的手表在哪儿,亲爱的?)

"I saw it in your drawer last night."

(昨晚我看到它在你的抽屉里。)

例:"Who is it?"

(是谁?──如敲门时,不明对方的性别或何人。)

"It’s me, Peter."

(是我,彼得。)

例:Mrs. Huang had a baby last night.It weighs 4 kilos.

(黄太太昨夜生了一个婴儿,体重达四公斤。)

例:What’s that?

(那是什么?)

It’s a silkworm.

(是蚕。)

(2)表达时间、日期、季节、天气、距离、环境等。

例:"What time is it?"-"It’s five to twelve."

(几点钟了?──现在是十一点五十五分。)

例:"What’s the date?"-"It is the third of October."

(今天几录溉眨咯ぉそ裉焓鞘氯铡#?br> 例:It is very hot in summer.

(夏天的天气都是很热。)

例:How far is it from here to the station?

(这里到车站有多远?)

例:I like it here very much.

(我很喜欢这里的环境。)

(3)表达强调

句型It +be…+that(who)…

例:It was Paul that (who) broke the window.

(=Paul broke the window.)

(打破了窗的人是保罗。)

解说 "It… that…"是表达强调的正常句式,但是若强调点是"人",则使用"It…who…"也很普通。本句式可用于一个句子中的任何强调点,例如:

例:Peter met Helen and Bill at the theater yesterday.

→It was Peter who met Helen and Bill at the theater yesterday.

(昨天在戏院看到海伦和比尔的人是彼得。)

→It was Helen and Bill that Peter met at the theater yesterday.

(昨天彼得在戏院所遇见的人是海伦和比尔。)

→It was at the theater that Peter met Helen and Bill yesterday.

(昨天彼得遇见海伦和比尔的地点是戏院。)

→It was yesterday that Peter met Helen and Bill at the theater.

(彼得在戏院遇见海伦和比尔的时间是昨天。)

(4)形式主语

例:It is shameful the way he behaves himself before girls.

(他在女生面前的举止真叫人脸红。)

例:It is easy to find fault with others.

(批评别人是容易的。)

例:It is wrong for you to speak ill of her.

(你讲她的坏话是不对的。)

例:It is a great convenience living / to live in a big city.

(住在大城市里事事都方便。)

例:It is surprising that she should have married a farmer.

(她居然和农民结婚实在令人意想不到。)

解说 上面各例句都可以把"It"所代表的实际主语移到句首来,例如:

The way he behaves himself before girls is shameful.

To find fault with others is easy.

虽然如此,现代英语仍以"I…"较普通。

(5)形式宾语

例:I consider it wrong to cheat in an examination.

(我认为考试作弊是不对的。)

例:Don’t you find it a waste of time watching television too much?

(你不觉得电视看得太多是浪费时间吗?)

例:I thought it strange that Jack should have had so much money to spend these days.

(我觉得杰克近日来会有这么多的钱可花费是一件奇怪的事。)

解说 本句式都用于有宾语补语的不完全及物动词的句子,"it"代表着宾语补语之后的实际宾语(不定式、动名词、或that-clause)。本句式的实际宾语不可以移入"it"的位置而把"it"省略。常可用本句式来表达的不完全及物动词有:

find(发现,觉得),think(想,觉得),believe(相信),consider(认为),make,take,etc.

(6)"it"可以代表前述的短语或句子

例:Don’t let your children play with matches or lighters.It is dangerous.

(不要让你的小孩们玩火柴或打火机。那是危险的。)

例:"Jim can solve that puzzle."

(吉姆能解答那个谜题。)

"I don’t believe it."

(我不相信。)

(7)"it"常作非人称动词的主语

例:It happened that I was there then.

(碰巧当时我也在场。)

例:It appears that he’ll be elected.

(他像是会当选的样子。)

例:It occurred to me then that I had an appointment with her that evening.

(当时我突然想起来我本来和她在当天晚上有约会。)

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